Ha u sebelisa lienjineri tse fapaneng tsa ho batla ho batla "Japan metallurgy", u tla fumana hore mefuta eohle ea lingoliloeng le livideo tse batlisisitsoeng li re Japane metallurgy esale e le ka pele ho lefatše ka lilemo tse ngata, China, United States le Russia ha li ntle joalo. joalo ka Japane, e ithorisang ka Japane le ho hata China, United States le Russia, empa na ho hlile ho joalo?Mobei o qetile lilemo tse ngata a ikakhetse ka setotsoana indastering ea lihlahisoa.E tlameha ho lokisa lebitso la tšepe ea China e nang le tšepe le ho senola boemo ba 'nete ba tšepe ea China, e fetang tebello ea hau!
Indasteri ea metallurgic e akaretsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa litšepe tse fapaneng tsa tšepe le litšepe tse se nang ferrous.Ho thata ho bapisa ka kotloloho hore na ke naha efe e etelletseng pele.Leha ho le joalo, ho batla ho le bonolo ho tiisa hore na metallurgy ea Japane ke eona e etelletseng pele lefatšeng.Re ka qala ho bona boemo ba 'maraka ka kakaretso oa indasteri ea metallurgic, ebe re utloisisa ka botebo mokhoa oa tlhōlisano oa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa bohlokoa tsa metallurgic.Ka kakaretso, 'maraka oa lefats'e oa li-export tsa tšepe ke lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 380, China ke liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 39,8, Japane ke liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 26,7, Jeremane ke liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 25.4, Korea Boroa ke liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 23,5 ha Russia ke liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 19.8 tsa US. .Mabapi le data ea kantle ho naha ea tšepe, China e ka pele ho Japane.Batho ba bang ba tla re "tšepe ea Chaena e kholo feela empa ha e matla", empa Chaena e hlile e fumane chelete e ngata ea kantle ho naha ka ho romela litšepe.Ho latela lintlha tse akaretsang tsa kantle ho naha ea tšepe, Japane ha e etelle pele lefats'e.Ka mor'a moo, tlhōlisano ea lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa metallurgical e hlahlojoa.Boleng ba piramide ea tšepe ea tšepe ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase ke: superalloy, tool and die steel, bearing steel, tšepe e matla e phahameng haholo, tšepe e sa hloekang le tšepe e tala.
Superalloy
Ha re bue ka li-superalloys.Li-superalloy li ka holimo ho ketane ea boleng ba piramite.Tšebeliso ea li-superalloys e etsa karolo ea 0,02% feela ea tšebeliso ea tšepe kaofela, empa tekanyo ea 'maraka e phahametse liranta tse limilione tse likete,' me theko ea eona e phahame haholo ho feta ea lihlahisoa tse ling tsa tšepe.Ha ho bapisoa le theko ka nako e le 'ngoe, theko ea tone e le 'ngoe ea superalloy e ka holimo ho liranta tse likete tse mashome, theko ea thane e le 'ngoe ea tšepe e sa hloekang ke liranta tse likete, 'me theko ea thane e le 'ngoe ea tšepe e tala ke lidolara tse makholo.Li-Superalloy li sebelisoa haholo-holo sebakeng sa sefofane le li-turbine tsa khase.Ha ho na likhoebo tse fetang 50 tse ka hlahisang li-Superalloys bakeng sa sefofane lefatšeng ka bophara.Linaha tse ngata li nka lihlahisoa tsa superalloy lits'ebetsong tsa sefofane e le lisebelisoa tsa sesole tsa maano.
PCC (precision castparts Corp) e har'a likhoebo tse hlano tse ka sehloohong tlhahisong ea superalloy lefatšeng ka bophara Likhoebo tsa eona tsa SMC (Special Metals Corporation), VDM ea Jeremane, imphy alloys of France, mapolanka Technology Corporation ea United States le ATI (Allegheny Technologies Inc) ea United States, eo ka nako eo e neng e behiloe indastering ea tšepe ea Hitachi le metallurgical Japane.Ha re sheba tlhahiso ea likhoebo tsohle, tlhahiso ea United States e phahame haholo ho feta ea linaha tse ling.
Sesebelisoa le tšepe ea die
Ntle le lisebelisoa le tšepe ea tšepe, tool and die steel ke lebitso le tloaelehileng la tšepe ea tšepe le tšepe ea lisebelisoa tsa lebelo le phahameng.Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea lisebelisoa tsa dies le tse lebelo le holimo.Tooling e tsejoa e le "mme oa indasteri ea sejoale-joale", e bonts'ang bohlokoa ba lisebelisoa tsa tšepe indastering ea sejoale-joale.Tool and die steel ke mofuta oa tšepe e khethehileng e nang le boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng, 'me theko ea sehlahisoa e phahame ho feta ea tšepe e khethehileng e tloaelehileng.
Likhoebo tse hlano tse holimo li behiloe boemong ba lefats'e ka bophara ba lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa le die steel ke: Austria VAI / Voestalpine, China Tiangong international, Jeremane smo bigenbach / schmolz + bickenbach, Northeast China special steel, China Baowu, Japan Datong e boemong ba botšelela, 'me likhoebo tsa Chaena li boemong ba botšelela. 20 ka tlhahiso ke: sehlopha sa indasteri sa Hebei Wenfeng, Qilu tšepe e khethehileng, tšepe e khethehileng ea Great Wall, Taiwan Ronggang CITIC.Mabapi le likhoebo tse 20 tse holimo tse hlahisang lisebelisoa le tšepe ea die, tlhahiso ea sesebelisoa le die steel China e phahame haholo ho feta linaheng tse ling.
Ho beha tšepe
Ha re bue ka ho beha tšepe.Ho jara tšepe ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea tšepe e thata ka ho fetisisa tlhahisong eohle ea tšepe.E na le litlhoko tse thata haholo mabapi le ho ts'oana ha lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, litaba le kabo ea li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe le ho ajoa ha li-carbides tsa tšepe e nang le tšepe.Haholo-holo, tšepe ea boleng bo phahameng ba li-bearings tse phahameng ha ea lokela ho khona ho jara mojaro ka nako e telele feela, empa hape e be e nepahetseng, e laoloang, e thata le e ka tšeptjoang.Ke e 'ngoe ea litšepe tse khethehileng tse thata ka ho fetisisa ho qhibiliha.Fushun Special Steel aviation e nang le lihlahisoa tsa tšepe e na le karolo ea 'maraka ea lapeng e fetang 60%.
Bophahamo ba thekiso ea Daye Special Steel Bearing Steel bo nka karolo ea boraro ea kakaretso ea thekiso naheng ea China, 'me seporo se nang le tšepe se etsa karolo ea 60% ea karolo ea 'maraka ea naha.Daye Special steel bearing steel e sebediswa bakeng sa dibering diporong tsa lebelo le phahameng Fora le Jeremane, hammoho le dibering tsa seporo sa lebelo le phahameng tse romellwang kantle ho naha ho tswa China.Daye Special Steel, e nang le tšepe e phahameng ea boleng bo holimo bakeng sa li-shaft beararings tse matla tse phahameng tsa fan le lisebelisoa tse tsamaisang matla a moea, e na le karolo ea 'maraka ea lapeng e fetang 85%,' me lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tse nang le matla a moea a phahameng li romelloa Europe, India. le linaha tse ling.
Bophahamo ba tlhahiso le thekiso ea tšepe ea Xingcheng Special Steel e behiloe sebakeng sa pele Chaena ka lilemo tse 16 tse latellanang mme ea pele lefatšeng ka lilemo tse 10 tse latellanang.'Marakeng oa malapeng, karolo ea tšepe ea boleng bo phahameng e fihlile ho 85%.Ho tloha ka 2003, tšepe ea Xingcheng Special Steel e 'nile ea amoheloa butle-butle ke baetsi ba lihlahisoa tse robeli ba phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, ho akarelletsa le Sweden SKF, Germany Schaeffler, Japan NSK, France ntn-snr, joalo-joalo.
Mabapi le 'maraka oa lehae, likhoebo tsa China li nka karolo e kholo ea mmaraka.China ke mmaraka o moholo.Ho hlakile hore ha ho utloahale ho bua ka lefatše ntle le China.Lintlha tsena ha li tšehetse boemo bo ka sehloohong ba Japane lefatšeng ka lilemo tse mashome.Mantsoe a pele a Wang Huaishi, Mongoli Kakaretso oa China Special Steel Enterprise Association, ke a latelang: boleng ba 'mele ba ho jara lihlahisoa tsa tšepe Chaena bo fihlile boemong bo ka sehloohong ba machaba, bo sa bonahaleng feela ka matšoao a theknoloji, empa hape le ho kenya le ho kenya letsoho. thomelontle.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, palo ea tšepe e tsoang linaheng tse ling e nyenyane haholo, 'me Chaena e ka hlahisa hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle;Ka lehlakoreng le leng, palo e kholo ea litšepe tsa boleng bo phahameng tse hlahisoang Chaena li romelloa kantle ho naha le ho rekoa ke likhoebo tsa machaba tsa maemo a holimo.
Tšepe e matla haholo
Ntle le moo, tšepe e matla e phahameng haholo e bolela tšepe e nang le matla a ho hlahisa a fetang 1180mpa le matla a maholo ho feta 1380mpa.E sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lifofane le indastering ea likoloi.Ke thepa ea tšepe ea theknoloji e phahameng, e sebelisoang haholo ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa lifofane le likarolo tsa polokeho ea likoloi.Sehlahisoa sa tšepe se matla ka ho fetesisa se phahameng ka ho fetesisa lebaleng la likoloi ke aluminium silicon e koahetsoeng ka tšepe e chesang.Lihlahisoa tse chesang tse entsoeng ka silicon ea aluminium li etsa hore ArcelorMittal e be khoebo e nang le karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea 'maraka ea thepa ea tšepe bakeng sa BIW lefatšeng.ArcelorMittal aluminium silicon e koahelang lihlahisoa tse chesang tse etsang karolo ea 20% ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse sebelisoang bakeng sa BIW (ho kenyeletsoa le likoloi tse tsamaisoang ke mafura le tsa motlakase) lefatšeng.
Aluminium silicon e koahetsoeng ka tšepe e chesang ea 1500MPa ke thepa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa likarolo tsa polokeho ea likoloi, ka ts'ebeliso ea selemo le selemo ea lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 4 lefatšeng ka bophara.Theknoloji ea ho roala ka silicon ea aluminium e ile ea ntlafatsoa ke ArcelorMittal oa Luxembourg ka 1999 'me butle-butle ea theha puso e le 'ngoe lefatšeng ka bophara.Tšepe ea matla a phahameng bakeng sa koloi e akaretsang e ka ba li-yuan tse 5000 ka tone, ha aluminium e koahetsoeng ka tšepe e entsoeng ka mokhoa o chesang e nang le patente ea ArcelorMittal e feta li-yuan tse 8000 ka tone, e leng 60% e theko e boima ho feta.Ntle le tlhahiso ea eona, ArcelorMittal e tla boela e fane ka tumello ea tumello ho lik'hamphani tse 'maloa tsa tšepe lefatšeng ka bophara bakeng sa tlhahiso le thekiso, ho lefisa litefiso tse phahameng tsa tumello ea molao.Ho fihlela 2019, kopanong ea China ea likoloi tse bobebe, sehlopha sa Moprofesa Yi Hongliang, State Key Laboratory ea thekenoloji ea rolling le othomathike e tsoelang pele ea Univesithi ea Leboea-bochabela, e ile ea lokolla theknoloji e ncha ea ho roala ka silicon ea aluminium, e senyang lilemo tse 20 tsa tumello ea molao ea ArcelorMittal.
Sehlahisoa se tsebahalang haholo lebaleng la lifofane ke tšepe ea machaba ea nickel 300M ea Amerika ea k'hamphani ke tšepe ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lulisa e nang le matla a phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ts'ebetso e felletseng e felletseng le e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng.Hajoale, ho feta 90% ea lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa tsa lifofane tsa sesole le lifofane tsa lehae tse sebetsang United States li entsoe ka tšepe ea 300M.
Ts'epe e sa beng le mabali
Ntle le tšepe e sa hloekang, lebitso "stainless steel" le tsoa ho hore mofuta ona oa tšepe ha o bonolo ho senya le ho rusa joalo ka tšepe e tloaelehileng.E sebelisoa haholo indastering e boima, indasteri e bobebe, indasteri ea litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, mekhabiso ea meralo le liindasteri tse ling.Likhoebo tse ka holimo ho 10 tsa tlhahiso ea tšepe e sa hloekang lefatšeng ka bophara ke: China Qingshan, China Taiyuan Iron le tšepe, Korea Boroa POSCO tšepe le tšepe, China Chengde, Spain acerinox, Finland ottokunp, Europe ampron, China Anshan Iron le tšepe, Lianzhong tšepe e sa hloekang, Chaena. Delong nickel le China Baosteel tšepe e sa hloekang.
Kabelo ea tlhahiso ea tšepe e sa hloekang lefatšeng ka bophara ke 56.3% Chaena, 15.1% Asia (ntle le Chaena le Korea Boroa), 13% Europe le 5% United States.Tlhahiso ea Chaena e phahame haholo ho feta ea linaha tse ling.
Ts'epe e sa beng le mabali
Ntle le tšepe e sa hloekang, lebitso "stainless steel" le tsoa ho hore mofuta ona oa tšepe ha o bonolo ho senya le ho rusa joalo ka tšepe e tloaelehileng.E sebelisoa haholo indastering e boima, indasteri e bobebe, indasteri ea litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, mekhabiso ea meralo le liindasteri tse ling.Likhoebo tse ka holimo ho 10 tsa tlhahiso ea tšepe e sa hloekang lefatšeng ka bophara ke: China Qingshan, China Taiyuan Iron le tšepe, Korea Boroa POSCO tšepe le tšepe, China Chengde, Spain acerinox, Finland ottokunp, Europe ampron, China Anshan Iron le tšepe, Lianzhong tšepe e sa hloekang, Chaena. Delong nickel le China Baosteel tšepe e sa hloekang.
Kabelo ea tlhahiso ea tšepe e sa hloekang lefatšeng ka bophara ke 56.3% Chaena, 15.1% Asia (ntle le Chaena le Korea Boroa), 13% Europe le 5% United States.Tlhahiso ea Chaena e phahame haholo ho feta ea linaha tse ling.
Tšepe e tala
Ha re bue ka tšepe e tala.China e etsa karolo ea 56,5 lekholong, European Union bakeng sa 8,4%, India bakeng sa 5.3%, Japane bakeng sa 4.5%, Russia bakeng sa 3.9%, United States bakeng sa 3.9%, Korea Boroa bakeng sa 3.6%, Turkey bakeng sa 1.9% le Brazil 1.7%. .China e ka pele haholo ka karolo ea 'maraka.
Ha ho bapisoa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa metallurgic ka har'a ketane ea boleng ba piramite ea tšepe ea tšepe, mokhoa oa 'nete oa tlholisano oa' maraka ha o bontše hore Japane esale e etella lefatše pele ka lilemo tse mashome.Lingoloa le livideo tse ngata ho Internet tse bolelang hore metallurgy ea Japane e etella pele lefats'e e tla bua ka moloko oa bohlano o le mong oa kristale superalloy ea pele e ntlafalitsoeng ke Japane, e leng motheo o ka sehloohong.
Ho lokela ho tsejoa hore superalloy e le 'ngoe ea kristale e tlameha ho feta lilemo tse fetang 15 tsa potoloho ea nts'etsopele ho tloha nts'etsopele ho isa kholong.Mohlala, moloko oa bobeli o le mong oa kristale superalloy Ren é N5, e sebelisoang haholo ke GE, e qalile nts'etsopele ea alloy mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980 mme ha ea ka ea sebelisoa ho fihlela bohareng le bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990.Moloko oa bobeli oa single crystal superalloy pwa1484, e sebelisoang haholo ke Pratt Whitney, e qalile nts'etsopele mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980 mme ha ea ka ea sebelisoa ho F110 le li-aeroengines tse ling tse tsoetseng pele ho fihlela bohareng le bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990.
Ha ho khonehe hore merero ea lienjine linaheng tse ling e nke ka potlako moloko oa bohlano oa kristale o moholo oa kristale oa Japane.Ntho feela e ka sebelisoang ke mohlabani oa moloko o mocha oa Japane.'Muso oa Japane o rera ho romela mohlabani oa moloko o mocha ka 2035, ke hore, ho tla nka nako e telele ho bona moloko ona oa bohlano oa kristale superalloy e sebelisoang haholo.Kahoo Japane Ts'ebetso ea moloko oa bohlano oa superalloy ea kristale e le 'ngoe ke efe?Ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ntse e sa tsejoe.
Re lokela ho tseba hore li-superalloy tsa kristale tsa Japane tsa moloko oa pele ho isa ho oa bone ha li so sebelisoe haholo, e leng ho lekaneng ho bontša hore li-superalloy tsa kristale tsa Japane li saletse morao hona joale.Mokhoa oa tlholisano oa 'maraka oa superalloy, tool and die steel, tšepe e nang le tšepe, tšepe e matla e phahameng haholo, tšepe e sa hloekang le tšepe e tala ha e bontše moloko oa bohlano o mong oa kristale superalloy eo metallurgy ea Japane e' nileng ea etella lefatše pele ka lilemo tse mashome 'me ha e e-so be teng. dirisitsoe.E ke ke ea sebelisoa ho paka hore metallurgy ea Japane esale e etella lefatše pele ka lilemo tse mashome, leha bangoli ba lingoliloeng le livideo ba na le bokhoni ba ho nyarela bokamoso, Leha e le hona ho fetola lintlha.
Metsoalle e mengata e ile ea botsa, "ke hobane'ng ha li-bearings tsa Sechaena li sa khone?", Batho ba bangata ba ile ba araba: "Machine a Chaena a futsanehile, 'me phekolo ea mocheso ha e ntle."ho na le lipotso le likarabo tse ngata tse tšoanang.Ha e le hantle, batho ba bangata ba ka 'na ba se ke ba tseba hore Chaena ha e fane feela ka thepa e tala - e jereng tšepe bakeng sa likhoebo tsa linaheng tse ling, empa hape e fana ka likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa ho jara esita le li-bearings tse felileng bakeng sa likhoebo tse tsebahalang tsa linaheng tse ling tse kang SKF Sweden, Schaeffler Jeremane, Timken in United States le NSK naheng ea Japane.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho na le karolo e itseng ea "e entsoeng Chaena" har'a bahlahisi ba supileng ba lefats'e ba belehang.Likhoebo tse tsebahalang tse kang SKF naheng ea Sweden, Schaeffler Jeremane, Timken United States le NSK naheng ea Japane li ka reka likarolo tsa Sechaena le lisebelisoa tse tala ka li-batches, tse lekane ho paka hore mochini oa China le kalafo ea mocheso o ka kopana le tekheniki ea bareki. litlhoko;Ho amoheloa ha li-bearings tsa Sechaena ke likhoebo tse tsebahalang tsa kantle ho naha ho ka boela ha hlalosa boleng le ts'ebetso ea li-bearings tsa Chaena, tse ka finyellang litlhoko tsa sebele tsa basebelisi.
Indasteri ea lihlahisoa tsa China e se e hōlile le ho feta ka tsoelo-pele ea nako.Ho tloha ho thehoeng ha tsamaiso ea indasteri ho isa boqapi ba theknoloji, le ho tloha keketsehong ea lihlahisoa ho isa thekisong selemo le selemo, re ka bolella lefatše hore China e se e ntse e le naha e sa sisinyeheng, 'me boemo ba tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa bo behiloe har'a tse holimo lefatšeng. !Joaloka mofuta oa 1 oa e-commerce oa lihlahisoa tsa indasteri ea Chaena, Mobei le eona e tla kenya letsoho matla a eona ho indasteri ea tlhahiso ea China e thehiloeng ho maemo a naha ea Chaena, e le hore "e entsoeng Chaena" e ka utluoa lefatšeng ka bophara!
Nako ea poso: Sep-27-2021